Пастирство святителя Петра Могили, митрополита Київського, галицького і всієї Руси (1633–1647)

Анотація

Стаття присвячена розгляду важливого питання для сучасної богословської науки – осмислення пастирства митрополита Київського Галицького і всієї Руси святителя Петра Могили. Схарактеризовано основні віхи з життєпису святителя Петра, починаючи з народження і до сходження на митрополичу Київську кафедру. Проаналізовано пастирство святителя Петра Могили, яке пронизує всю його діяльність: як проповідництво, так і видавничо-просвітницьку працю, спрямовану на вдосконалення порядку звершення таїнств і чинів Православної Церкви.

The article is devoted to the consideration of an important issue for modern theological science – understanding the pastorate of the Metropolitan of Kyiv, Halych and All Rus, Holy hierarch Petro Mohyla. The main milestones in the biography of St. Petro, from his birth to his ascension to the Metropolitan Kyiv See, are described. The focus is on the fact that Holy Hierarch Petro Mohyla was a man who lacked neither wealth, nor honor, nor glory before he accepted the monastic status, archimandrite rank and responsibility of the metropolitan. And because of this, he “committed himself wholeheartedly to God and his conscience to bear the responsibilities imposed on him,” and he justified his obligation by his multifaceted work. The significant merits of Holy Hierarch Petro Mohyla, who was already duly revered by contemporaries, including the clergy, were highlighted, and the Ukrainian nobility joyfully greeted him with speeches, eulogies, and poems. It is shown that Holy Hierarch Petro was a real archpastor for the Ukrainian people, the founder of the Orthodox Kyiv Collegium, the author of more than 20 polemical sermons, a number of books, a significant philanthropist who with his considerable scientific environment became one of those who formed the all-Ukrainian literary language and enables its transformation into the language of literature, science, teaching, church use. Information on the development of liturgical pastoral care is given, taking into account the important role that church preaching has always played in Kyiv Metropolitanate, and in particular in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the main attention of Holy Hierarch Petro was focused on ordering and improving the liturgical life of the Church, through which there has been an influence on the consciousness and spirituality of man both today and at all times. The originality of his pastoral thinking and pastoral work is shown, which consisted in the orientation to the individual spiritual needs of man, in the attempt to organize the Church on the basis of pastoral care. The pastorate of Holy Hierarch Petro Mohyla, which permeates all his activities, is analyzed: both preaching and publishing and educational work aimed at improving the order of performing the sacraments and ranks of the Orthodox Church.