З ІСТОРІЇ ЦЕРКВИ СВ. ПАРАСКЕВИ с. ЛІЩАНЦІ НА ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНІ ТА РЕЛІГІЙНО-ХРИСТИЯНСЬКОЇ ОБРЯДОВОСТІ ПАРАФІЯН (ЗА «ЛІТОПИСОМ» ГРИНЯ КОМАРНИЦЬКОГО)

Анотація

Стаття вводить до наукового обігу рукописні матеріали — «Літопис» Гриня Комарницького про будівництво кам’яної церкви в с. Ліщанці на Тернопільщині, її первісний внутрішній інтер’єр, настоятелів храму, турботу селян про святиню і навколишню територію. Висвітлено роль Церкви, християнських духовних начал у повсякденному житті мешканців села, описано традиції святкування парафіянами великих християнських свят — Різдва і Великодня. Доведено, що в селі раніше була дерев’яна церква, а пізніше, в 1826–1832 рр., місцеві селяни на кошти дідича Онуфрія Домбровського і його сина Степана збудували кам’яний храм; названо священників та описано їхнє служіння на парафії сс. Сороки та Ліщанці в 1787–1935 рр. Звернено увагу на християнські основи світогляду селян, роль і значення для них свят Різдва і Великодня.

The purpose of the article: to introduce into scientific circulation the handwritten materials of the chronicle of Hrynia Komarnytskyi about the construction of a stone church in the village of Lishchantsi in Ternopil Region, its original interior, the abbots of the temple, the care of the villagers for the shrine and the surrounding area. To find out the role of the Church, Christian spiritual principles in the everyday life of the village residents, to tell about the parishioners' celebration of the great Christian holidays – Christmas and the Resurrection of Christ – Easter. Prove that there used to be a wooden church in the village. Name the priests and reflect their service in the parish of the villages of Soroka and Lishchantsi. Pay attention to the Christian foundations of the worldview of the peasants, the role and significance of the great Christian holidays - Christmas and Easter for them. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of scientific knowledge, in particular, objectivity in judgments about the past, the unity of the historical and the logical. In the process of research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as chronological, comparative and descriptive methods were applied. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the history of the stone church of Lishchantsi in the Ternopil region, its founders were informed, the sources of funding for its construction were revealed, the participation of the villagers in its construction was told, its original interior was described, and its Ukrainian origin was proven. Names of priests who served in the parish of the villages of Soroka and Lishchantsi in 1787–1935 and their characteristics are named. The guardianship of the villagers with the shrine and the surrounding area was revealed. It has been reported that in the materials of the Main Archive of Ancient Acts in Warsaw, a wooden church of 1530 is mentioned in the village (and earlier than the first mentions of the church in the city of Buchach (1554) and the neighboring village of Soroky (1576)), that there was a chapel that lasted for a long time time, apparently, after the destruction of the wooden church, it was a place of worship. Attention is drawn to the mentality of the inhabitants of the village in ancient times, the role of Christian holidays in their everyday life, how they strictly observed fasts in conditions of incredible poverty and poverty, celebrated Christmas and Easter with joy and great excitement, had fun around the church, also highlighted the relationship between the abbots of the temple and believers. Conclusions. The stone church in the village of Lishchantsi, Ternopil region, was built in 1826–1832 by local villagers at the expense of heir Onufry Dombrovskyi and his son Stepan. Construction was started by O. Dombrovskyi, and his son Stepan finished it. Its founder (probably a descendant of the united Ukrainian nobility) O. Dombrovskyi, who died in 1836, according to the annals, was buried in the church under the high altar. From the very beginning, the church was named after the holy great martyr Paraskeva Pyatnytsia. In her honor, the grandfather installed an image in the church, and in 1795 Andriy and Tetiana Kravtsi bought an image of St. Paraskevi, painted on a tree, which was probably first installed in a chapel, and later in a temple. 1865 church brothers and sisters purchased a Psalter for the church at their own expense. It is not known what remains of the original church attributes to this day. Four melodious bells joined together, donated to the church in 1896, which were rung during communion, as well as the large bells installed on the belfry, were stolen by Muscovites during the occupation of Eastern Galicia and the village in 1914–1915. Didn't some really valuable church things disappear without a trace, or were simply thrown away as obsolete, during the numerous repairs of the church due to the incompetence of its ministers? Fortunately, the figure of Saint Anthony of Padua was preserved in the church - the work is similar in style to the works of I. H. Pinzel, or students of his school. The villagers zealously took care of, and, by the way, take care of the shrine and the surrounding area. Thus, Hryny Oliynyk bought two images for the church – in 1845 and 1847, in 1888/89 the cemetery was expanded with land bought from Dmytro and Mykola Prokipchuk, in 1895 the bathhouse on the church was completed and raised higher, in In 1904, the cemetery was walled off from the road, Kost Prokipchuk lined the church square with lindens, which still decorate it today. After getting married in the church, Volodyslav Golembskyi and Ludviga Dombrovska bought new windows for it. From 1787 to 1935, nine priests served in the parish of Soroky and Lishchantsi villages, the longest (1892–1928) was the rector of the church. Volodymyr Noskovskyi, who, in addition to his direct ecclesiastical duties, conducted a great deal of work related to national revival. Parishioners strictly observed religious prescriptions - observed fasts, celebrated Christmas and Easter with joy and great elation, Christianity, faith in God determined their worldview in everyday life. Of course, the conducted research is far from exhausting the problems of the history of the Church of St. Paraskevi in ​​the village Lishchantsi in Ternopil Oblast. . Elucidation of her life under the first Soviets (September 18, 1939 – July 7, 1941), during the German occupation, and the second occupation of the region and the village by the Reds requires special attention. An even more important task is the study of the life of the church in the last more than three decades of Ukraine's independence. We hope that with God's help, all these problems will be solved and a complete history of the church of St. Paraskevi village Lishchantsi in Ternopil Oblast.