Інституційні трансформації православ’я на Буковині в 1940–1945 роках

Анотація

Статтю присвячено аналізу становища Православної Церкви на Буковині в роки Другої світової війни. Визначено основні періоди церковних трансформаційних процесів, спричинених зміною державної приналежності краю. З’ясовано, що в 1940 р. відбулось встановлення церковної юрисдикції РПЦ. Духовенство опинилося у складному становищі та зазнавало утисків з боку держави. Церква була позбавлена привілеїв та втратила статус юридичної особи. Визначено, що в 1941–1944 рр. було відновлено Буковинську митрополію РумПУ. Актуалізувалась політика румунізації. У 1944 р. відбувся перехід церковної організації північної Буковини під юрисдикцію Руської Православної Церкви, утворено Чернівецько-Буковинську єпархію Українського екзархату РПЦ. Встановлено, що релігійне життя у 1944– 1945 рр. опинилось під тиском тоталітарної державної машини, однак не таким сильним, як у 1940 р. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation of the Orthodox Church in Bukovina during the World War II. There are determined the main periods of church transformation processes that took place with the change of state affiliation of the region. It was found that with the establishment of Soviet power in 1940, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church was established. A bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church was appointed to Chernivtsi. The Orthodox clergy found themselves in a difficult situation and were oppressed by the state. The church was deprived of its pre-existing privileges and lost the status of legal entity. It is determined that in 1941– 1944 Northern Bukovina was under the rule of Romania, where Orthodoxy was the state religion. At that time the Bukovina metropolitanate of the Romanian Orthodox Church had been restored, however its religious fund was taken away. The policy of Romanianization was resumed. The end of the war led to the resumption of Soviet power. The ecclesiastical organization of Northern Bukovina came under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Chernivtsi-Bukovina Eparchy of the Ukrainian Exarchate of the ROC was formed. The church and religious life in 1944–1945 was under pressure from the totalitarian machine, but not so strong as in 1940. The church as the object of repression turned into a legal functioning social institution. The Council for ROC Affairs under the Chernivtsi Regional Executive Committee was established to control the religious life of Northern Bukovina. This article establishes that church life of Northern Bukovina was based on the activity of parish communities, regardless of the political situation. The temples became the mainstays of the Church and people of faith kept them in good condition in order the authorities would have no reason to take them away. Due to the desire of the Soviet authorities to drive religion out of public life, there were radical transformations of the political and legal situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in general and the Chernivtsi-Bukovinian Eparchy in particular.